petek, 16. april 2010

Pravičnost, ne dobrodelnost


»Svet potrebuje pravičnost, ne dobrodelnosti.« Mary Wollstoecraft

Te besede je že pred mnogimi leti zapisala britanska pisateljica, filozofinja in feministka Mary Wollstoecraft (1759 – 1797), mati Mary Shelley, avtorice Frankenstaina. Če so bile besede aktualne takrat, kako so šele danes.

Na svetu je izjemno veliko dobrodelnih organizacij in pobud; še zlasti zvezdniki se pri tem zelo radi izpostavljajo. To je dobro, dobrodelnost je vsekakor nekaj dobrega. A hkrati je to tudi slabo – iz razloga, ker je naša dobrodelnost lahko tudi »opravičilo« za stanje kakršno je. In to stanje je slabo, če ne kar katastrofalno. Dopuščamo ali celo sodelujemo pri ustvarjanju in vzdrževanju skrajne revščine in lakote, hkrati pa revnim in lačnim pomagamo – in ta pomoč je pogosto samo izraz slabe vesti.

Vsak dan gre več kot milijarda ljudi lačnih v posteljo (če jo sploh imajo), vsaj 25.000 ljudi vsak dan umre zaradi lakote, obenem pa vemo, da je hrane za vse dovolj, a je ogromno pristane v smeteh razvitih držav, veliko se je predela v »ekološka« biogoriva ali se nameni prehrani živali. To je en del problema. Le redki pa vedo, da (po podatkih Svetovne banke) na vsak dolar pomoči, ki ga prejmejo države v razvoju, pride 25 dolarjev, ki jih morajo te države nameniti za vračilo strašansko visokih dolgov (ki so nastali še preden se je večina najrevnejših ljudi sploh rodila) prav tistim državam, ki so jim namenile »pomoč«.

Če bomo preobrazili naše (državne in mednarodne) politične in predvsem ekonomske institucije ter spremenili vzorce svojega (ekonomskega) vedenja, bomo veliko bolj pripomogli k reševanju največjih svetovnih problemov – kar revščina in lakota (ter vse kar iz njiju izhaja) nedvomno sta – kot pa, da zgolj prispevamo dobrodelnim ustanovam.

Pravičnost

Kaj pa pravičnost in kdo je pravičen? Na ta vprašanja ne moremo na kratko odgovoriti. Vsekakor pa je pravičnost povezana z našimi dejanji – ne glede na področje našega delovanja. Prvotno beseda pravičnost pomeni delati "kar je prav" (etimološki slovar).

Delati prav pomeni tudi delati dobro, a ne zgolj zase, temveč tudi za dobro drugih. Dobro drugih pa je (vsaj v materialnem smislu) povezano z zagotavljanjem njihove blaginje. Zato je pravičnost (delati prav) povezana z blaginjo ljudi oziroma blaginjo celotnega človeštva.

Področje, ki najbolj zanemarja pravičnost, pa je danes brez dvoma ekonomija, ki je »zadolžena« za blaginjo ljudi. Ekonomska pravičnost potemtakem pomeni, da ima vsakdo dostop do temeljnih dobrin, kar mu omogočajo preživetje in spodobno življenje – blaginjo.

So banke lahko pravične? Kaj pa proizvodna podjetja, trgovine in druge ekonomske institucije? So, če le ravnajo v dobro vseh. Če bodo(kdaj) res tako ravnale, skupaj s celotno družbo, potem ne bo več prave potrebe po dobro-delnosti, kajti sama pravičnost pomeni dobro delati oziroma delati dobro (prav).

Pravičnost, ki vodi v blaginjo človeštva, pa je mogoče doseči z medsebojno delitvijo dobrin.

[A ta zapis vendarle ni uperjen proti zbiranju pomoči za revne in lačne. Ti jo zdaj nedvomno potrebujejo – ne smemo jih pustiti na cedilu. A če bomo ustvarili pravično družbo (in z njo pravično ekonomijo), bo pomoč postala praktično nepotrebna.]

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